Marketing Marketing And Environment - 2654 Words

Unit 4: Marketing Task 1: Marketing Environment Report ïÆ'Ëœ Introduction ïÆ'Ëœ Marketing Definition ïÆ'Ëœ Marketing Process - Marketing Environment Analysis - Fixing Marketing Target - Marketing Strategy - Marketing Mix - Marketing Controlling ïÆ'Ëœ Market Orientation - Customer Orientation - Competitor Orientation - Interfunctional Coordination ïÆ'Ëœ Different Orientations which can be adopted by the business - Production Orientation - Product Orientation - Selling Orientation - Ethical and sustainable marketing ïÆ'Ëœ Cost to Starbucks of adopting a marketing approach ïÆ'Ëœ Benefits to Starbucks of adopting a marketing approach ïÆ'Ëœ Marketing Audit of the macro and micro environment for Starbucks ïÆ'Ëœ Explain your understanding of segmentation for this organisation ïÆ'Ëœ How buyer behaviour will affect Starbucks ïÆ'Ëœ Evaluation of costs and benefits together with recommendations ïÆ'Ëœ Propose new market positioning for a selected product ïÆ'Ëœ Bibliography Marketing Environment Report Introduction: Starbucks is one of the world’s leading coffee bars, which has been open since 1971. To survive in the vastly culturally differentiated environment, they had to introduce new products such as teas for the Chinese market. On the other hand, to be able to increase their seasonal sales and gain a competitive advantage in the coffee market, Starbucks have introduced Pumpkin Spiced Lattes which are only sold in the autumn/winter season. To increase their sales during these months even more, they can introduce aShow MoreRelatedThe Marketing Environment1829 Words   |  8 PagesThis report aims to discuss the three parts of the marketing environment; The macro-environment, the micro-environment and the internal environment in relation to the Apple Watch which has yet to be released. The report will look at the possibility of success for the Apple watch in the UK market once it is released and how the levels of the marketing environment impact this success. In the report the threat of competitors in the micro-environment is stressed as the most considerable factor in Apple’sRead MoreMarketing Environment2470 Words   |  10 PagesChapter 3 The Marketing Environment Learning Objectives 1. Describe the environmental forces that affect the company’s ability to serve its customers. 2. Explain how changes in the demographic and economic environments affect marketing decisions. 3. Identify the major trends in the firm’s natural and technological environments. 4. Explain the key changes in the political and cultural environments. 5. Discuss how companies can react to the marketing environment. Chapter Overview Read MoreMarketing Environment and Marketing Analysis800 Words   |  4 Pages In the case study ‘Youngcare and the donation landscape’ it is evident that the not-for-profit organization needed to raise funds to provide facilities to Young adults with high needs. In order to do this the organization had to study its environment ie its competitors, raising awareness amongst people and setting its targets. Youngcare competes with other renowned not for profit organizations such as the Red Cross and the McGrath Foundation; its direct competitors. The not for profit organizationRead MoreMarketing Environment5847 Words   |  24 PagesUnderstanding the External Marketing Environment INTRODUCTION â€Å"All businesses operate within an environment, which directly or indirectly affects the way in which they function, just as we as consumers live within a cultural and social environment which to a greater or lesser degree determines the way in which we behave as individuals.† said Elaine O’Brien, University of Strathclyde. Unlike the controllable marketing mix variables, the environmental forces are not controllable by marketersRead MoreMarketing Environment10927 Words   |  44 PagesMARKETING ENVIRONMENT Introduction: A variety of environmental forces influence a company’s marketing system. Some of them are controllable while some others are uncontrollable. It is the responsibility of the marketing manager to change the company’s policies along with the changing environment. According to Philip Kotler, â€Å"A company’s marketing environment consists of the internal factors amp; forces, which affect the company’s ability to develop amp; maintain successful transactionsRead MoreDiscuss the Marketing Environment1583 Words   |  7 PagesThe Marketing Environment consists of a complex set of interacting forces and influences outside the marketing department of an organization. The Marketing Environment affects the organizations ability to build and maintain mutually beneficial relationships with its target customers. Through continuous monitoring its Marketing Environment a company must be able to anticipate change and act in a pro active way rather than leaving it to a reactive reaction. It must also keep up to date by realizingRead MoreThe Marketing Environment And Marketing Mix Of A Firm2942 Words   |  12 PagesIn this report, I have used marketing concepts to analyze the marketing environment and marketing mix of a firm, which has ach ieved superior performance. I have chosen one of the most famous and oldest retailer in the UK, Marks Spencer. Marks Spencer is one of the best well-known British department stores. It was founded by Michael Marks and Thomas Spencer in 1884 (MS, 2014). It started as a market stall at Kirkgate Market in Leeds. Nowadays, MS has transformed to an international multi-channelRead MoreThe Russian Marketing Environment1350 Words   |  5 Pagesbig company is to make the brand well known worldwide and to expand the business into other countries. Market Environment is key factor for decision. For a startup of a new venture in other countries, TESCO will have to look for various factors to understand which market strategy would work in Russia. The economical, social (culture), political, legal and institutional market environment factors have to be taken in to consideration when deciding to move in to other countries with venture. For TESCORead MoreIndian Marketing Environment2741 Words   |  11 PagesIndian Marketing Environment Indian Marketing Environment For Global marketers India is not just a single country, it is further divided into tow different countries. India and Bharat. India is looked and appreciated by the whole world. It is growing at the second fastest rate, Its a outsourcing hub, skilled workforce, Nuclear and space power and everything to become a world power. On the other hand, Bharat invovles poverty, Illetracy at high levels, Corruption, Mismanagement, Violnce between releigionsRead MoreMarketing Environment in India1678 Words   |  7 PagesThe  market environment  is a  marketing  term and refers to all of the forces outside of marketing that affect marketing management’s ability to build and maintain successful relationships with target customers. The market environment consists of both the macro environment and the micro environment Demographic factors Study of human population in terms of size, density, location, age gender, race, occupation, other stats India’s demographic report findings * Estimated 1.1 billion people live in

Jacques s Views On Nature And Human Feelings - 1345 Words

Rousseau’s claim that people can be ‘’forced to be free’’ (Rousseau, 2012, pg. 30) means that people can be forced to obey the general will for the common good of everybody. Jacques is arguably one of the most influential philosopher and thinkers not only during the Enlightenment era in France and across Europe but also through the development of modern political and educational work where many have been inspired by his writings. His ideas result from his belief that every state has its origin in people that gave birth to its political structure, fundamental laws and civil liberties. (Rousseau lecture1) Moreover Rousseau paid great attention to nature and human feelings. He claimed that humans are naturally independent and held a belief that ‘’man is born free and everywhere he is in chains’’ (Rousseau, 2012, pg. 12 ) arguing that people in the state of nature were fundamentally good and pure but became corrupt and evil through the institution of civilised society (Bertram, 2010). On the contrary, Rousseau remains to be a huge supporter of the social contract theory, which is considered by him as the source of states legitimacy, criticises social inequality, authoritarianism and feudalism. Rousseau, as an important social contract theorist, states that people are the creators of law as well as the subject of law and because they will provide themselves with the laws they wish to live by, the peoples sovereignty is assured by the societies contract that is createdShow MoreRelatedThe Political Landscape Of France1367 Words   |  6 Pageseconomic and military gains made by Louis XIV, the Sun King, ultimately crippled the country later when the Estates General failed to overthrow the French government democratically and peacefully. Two great thinkers, Baron de Montesquieu and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, both paved the way for the French and other Enlightenment revolutions during the 18th and 19th centurie s. Although neither of the men saw the manifestations of their ideas in the American or French Revolutions, their influence is unquestionableRead MoreJean Jacques Rousseau And The Discourse On Inequality1546 Words   |  7 PagesJean-Jacques Rousseau, A Discourse Upon the Origin and the Foundation of the Inequality Among Mankind â€Å"In fact, the real source of all those differences, is that the savage lives within himself, whereas the citizen, beside himself, knows only how to live in the opinion of others; in so much that it is, if I may say so, merely from their judgement that he derives the consciousness of his own existence,† (Rousseau) The quote deriving from one of history’s most powerful and opinionated critique toRead MoreJean Jacques Rousseau s Work Essay941 Words   |  4 PagesReave Shewmake Travis Turner World Lit 208 24 September 2015 Jean-Jacques Rousseau Jean-Jacques Rousseau was born in Geneva on June 28th, 1712. Those who were present had no clue that this child’s life would serve as a catalyst for philosophical and political reform. Rousseau’s writings had so much influence in the 18th century that he â€Å"played a significant role in three different revolutions† (52). In fact his work leaves a legacy so large that you can trace almost all modern revolutions backRead MoreAnalysis Of Jean Jacques Rousseau s Frankenstein 1640 Words   |  7 Pages Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s Presence in Frankenstein It is believed that nurtured children with loving supportive families end up being successful and lead fulfilling lives, while children who are abandoned and mistreated end up spiraling out of control later in life. Mary Shelley proves this belief untrue in the novel, Frankenstein, where the main characters lead opposite lives, but end up committing evils and thirsting for revenge. Both characters have different experiences in early life that shapeRead MoreA Statement Of The State Of Nature2003 Words   |  9 Pagesargument that the state of nature is a state of war. Hobbs conclusion that the state of nature is a state of war is not definitive, rather, the state of nature is a balance between war and peace due to the dynamic and different nature of individuals. The significance of the question is such that it helps to shed light onto human morality, and as a basis from which to derive morality. It is also significant because it helps understand the dynamic processes that help shape human beings and their interactionsRead MoreThe Age Of Enlightenment And The Scientific Revolution1675 Words   |  7 Pagesindustrial revolution and the scientific revolution represented a giant leap forward in human development, the Age of Enlightenment delivered the greatest influence for the future American society and planted the way for cultural and humanistic enrichment. The Age of the Enlightenment raised new concepts in education, democracy, and human freedom. The new humanistic philosophy promoted the polish of the human intelligence and made education a longing that lasted in the following centuries. NamesRead More Literary Analysis of the Enlightenment Period and Romanticism1461 Words   |  6 Pageswill evaluate the two eras, both writers and a literary piece. The Enlightenment Era gave way to an age of reasoning. During this time, the writers were regarded as philosophers. They came up with diverse theories and possessed different points of view. Never the less, the philosophers were amalgamated on the basis of worldly, civilization, broad-based, and self-determination. (Gay, 3) The Enlightenment liberties were free of capricious authority, allowed free expression and exchange, consented toRead MoreEssay on Rousseaus Philosophy in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein1262 Words   |  6 Pageshis belief that man is most content in the state of nature; a state where only his most primal needs must be fulfilled in order to be satisfied. Man in his natural state is the central topic in Jean-Jacques Rousseaus philosophic essay A Discourse on Inequality, an academic work that had tremendous influence on Shelley. Shelley uses three of Rousseaus major beliefs as fundamental elements of Frankenstein; man is most content in the state of nature, society is what corrupts him and once corruptedRead MoreChild And Teacher Guided Activities Essay1221 Words   |  5 PagesEducation and educating young children in a developmentally appropriate method through the creation of activities that offer each child many opportunities for challenge and success. Support the growth of a child s self-image, self -esteem self- concept. A child s surrounding must offer a safe and stimulating design so that the child could have the freedom to make decisions, Improve and strengthening decision-making abilities. Children should have access to Both child and teacher guided activitiesRead MoreThe Romantic Period Of Jean Jacques Rousseau1915 Words   |  8 Pagesduring the Eighteenth Century, influential ideologies, portrayed in literature, from religion to nature, to childhood and education began to shape people’s perception and thinking on such matters. Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a contemporary, and is considered one of the earliest prominent voices i n Nineteenth-Century Romanticism. The Romantic period marked the gradual but significant shift from the rational thinking of the Eighteenth-Century Enlightenment to a more emotional and individual thinking

State and Church Essay Example For Students

State and Church Essay Christopher Columbus and Cabeza de Vaca were two known adventurers, one being an explorer and the other as a treasurer. Both men had great reputations, which led to positions of high status. Cabeza de Vaca became the treasurer on an expedition to explore the Gulf coast as a young nobleman and Christopher Columbus went on many expeditions to explore lands of treasure and jewels of all sorts. Both men explored in a time in which the lands were controlled by church and state and because of this, pressure of enormous amounts were placed on the shoulders of these men. The misfortunes these men encountered on their expeditions led them to choose a side in which they tried to disguise their true outcomes. Cabeza de Vaca and Christopher Columbus used the power the church possessed and embellished in the writings as a means to escape ridicule and or conviction from the state. One can get a sense from the works of Cabeza de Vaca that he went through hardship when captured by the Indians. In addition you can a sense that he uses much imagery of his men being killed and picked off one by one because he knew that the state and church would read his writings. My opinion of chapter seven is very skeptical because I feel that Cabeza de Vaca wanted to show the state and church that life over in the New World was very troubling and full of challenges so great no man can bare. He embellishes his writings in purpose of being forgiven for the money and manpower spent on the expedition. In chapter seven Cabeza de Vaca shows in his writings how he was attacked numerous times, The day following, others came against us from a town on the opposite side of the lake, and attacked us as the first had done, escaping in the same way, pg. 1except one who was also slain (pg. 130). He keeps showing the reader that he was attacked numerous times but yet the Indians escaped the sam e way as the first did. These accounts could show the church that Cabeza de Vaca was strong in his encounters with harsh conditions and that these experiences made him feel closer to God. Cabeza de Vaca continues to remind the highnesses that he was attacked on numerous occasions proving that he can survive, the Indians making continual war upon us, wounding our people and horses at the places where they went to drink, shooting from the lakes with such safety to themselves that we could not retaliate (pg.131). Cabeza de Vaca shows that he could not have retaliated or even injured them because they were hidden in places where they could not be seen. As Cabeza de Vaca continues, his encounters seemingly becomes harsher and he starts to relate these outcomes to God. Cabeza de Vaca also relates the losses to not only the surprising attack of the Indians and their camouflage within the surroundings but also to weaponry they used and the way they used them, The bows they use are as thick as the arm, of eleven or twelve palms in length, which they will discharge at two hundred paces with so great precision that they miss nothing(pg.131). In chapter eight of Cabeza de Vaca log is where you start to see the experiences are in the name of God. Cabeza de Vaca starts to describe the land and the troubles of it including the harsh conditions of resources not being available, I cease here to relate more of this, because any one may suppose what would occur in a country so remote and malign, so destitute of all resources, whereby either to live in it or go out of it; but most certain assistance is in God, Pg. 2our lord on whom we never failed to place reliance(pg132). This passage would show the church that while over there in the New World nothing positive grew out it. The land itself according to Cabeza de Vaca was pour in resources and no one could live in an area such as that. After all that he says in the passage he then ends by saying he puts the outcomes and his own faith in the hands of God. I sense that the church would be very pleased with this outcome because it would seem that through all of the struggles Cabeza de Vaca still seemed to have faith in God. .u155676e7b6a59384db459ebd5dba33de , .u155676e7b6a59384db459ebd5dba33de .postImageUrl , .u155676e7b6a59384db459ebd5dba33de .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u155676e7b6a59384db459ebd5dba33de , .u155676e7b6a59384db459ebd5dba33de:hover , .u155676e7b6a59384db459ebd5dba33de:visited , .u155676e7b6a59384db459ebd5dba33de:active { border:0!important; } .u155676e7b6a59384db459ebd5dba33de .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u155676e7b6a59384db459ebd5dba33de { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u155676e7b6a59384db459ebd5dba33de:active , .u155676e7b6a59384db459ebd5dba33de:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u155676e7b6a59384db459ebd5dba33de .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u155676e7b6a59384db459ebd5dba33de .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u155676e7b6a59384db459ebd5dba33de .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u155676e7b6a59384db459ebd5dba33de .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u155676e7b6a59384db459ebd5dba33de:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u155676e7b6a59384db459ebd5dba33de .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u155676e7b6a59384db459ebd5dba33de .u155676e7b6a59384db459ebd5dba33de-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u155676e7b6a59384db459ebd5dba33de:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Benefits of Making a Healthy Lifestyle Changes EssayMy position holds true in the third voyage of Christopher Columbus but does not resemble Cabeza de Vacas approach. Christopher Columbus was a man of exploration and lived his life to the end with that mind set. I feel that Columbus also used the church to his advantage because of his failed attempts to find the Indies. After all these voyages taken by Christopher Columbus, I feel it is at that time when he decided he needed to find another cause or motivation for future voyages and to also escape the ridicule of his failed attempts. The beginning of the third voyage he writes about how the ship is stuck with no wind f or days and that he reports how exhausted he is but still has faith, I remained in a state of exhaustion until the lord gave me a fair wind and the desire to sail westwards(pg. 126). The beginning of the voyage does not refer to God as much as towards the end because of the fact the voyage is not what was planned. I feel that Columbus started to find alternative reasons why the voyage was a success and one reason he used would be a huge benefit to the church and probably everyone. Columbus also written a passage in which he somewhat gave purpose to this voyage that was Pg. 3different then the rest. To make the voyage even more valuable, Columbus credited the church and state for his new findings, No one had ever entered it or gone in search of it until now when your highnesses commanded me to explore and discover these seas and lands(pg. 127). The real finding he suggested he found was later in the voyage that would probably be very crucial to the church. Because of this importance it seems as though he would be praised for such a finding rather than looked down upon, For I believe that the earthly paradise lies here, which no one can enter except by Gods leave. I believe that this land which your Highnesses have commanded me to discover is very great, and that there are many other lands in the south of which there have never been reports(pg.128). He also tells the highnesses that there are many other lands to be explored and that there are no reports. I feel he incorporated this statement with the hoping he will return to explore because he feels that the third voyage did not find riches and other valuable items. Both men used the church to somewhat cover up the unsuccessful expeditions and voyages that occurred. I feel that the writings were intentional in the fact they were not only made to keep accounts but also to show the church that they are still skilled as before they left. They also write with a manner in which they want to be rewarded somehow for their findings or misfortunes they encountered in such harsh conditions. Pg. 4Works CitedColumbus, Christopher. The Four Voyages of Columbus. Trans. J.M. Cohen1969. Cabeza de Vaca, Alvar Nunez. Relation of Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca. Trans.Buckingham Smith. 1871. Words/ Pages : 1,264 / 24

bill Essay Example For Students

bill Essay 20th Mock Congress First Session H.R.___________In the House of Representatives November 8, 1999Representatives: following bill, which was referred to the Committee on ____________________. A Bill Section 1: To provide campaign finance reform by decreasing the role of soft money to set amount. Section 2: The Congress hereby finds and declares the Honest Campaign Finance Reform Act, which would cap soft money contributions to political party committees at $50,000, because political candidates are no longer judged on their qualifications, television has become the battle field, and money rules free speech. Political candidates are no longer judged purely on their qualifications for the job, they are now characterized by how much money they can raise for their campaigns. Year after year, big money wins the race. The little guy no longer stands a fighting chance. With funds coming from large corporations whom usually request favors in return, the integrity of the candidate is called into question. The problem is we can not question this integrity. Candidates like George W. Bush who has in excess of $36 million dollars for his campaign fund has a clear advantage over the other candidates. Corruption in congress seems to be evident, for example when in 1995 G.O.P Conference Chairman, was spotted cheerfully tossing out checks from tobacco lobbyists on the House floor, the mystery of the contributions is no longer a question. In a world of technology, more and more candidates fight their battles, using televisions ads, that, openly endorse a candidate, defame an opponent, or frequently use and issue to subtlety endorse, or question the validity of a candidate. These broadcast spots are expensive, and in this cutthroat world, only the toughest competitor can survive a campaign. Survival depends on contributions in order to fund such advertisements. Ways to get around out-right acknowledgment of political contributions has come in the form of soft money. Soft money is ch aracterized by funds donated to a political party to be used to finance a campaign. Due to the fact that the contribution is donated to the party and not the candidate, the entire contribution can be concealed. A tobacco company can give a party of a particular candidate millions of dollars, and upon election to a particular office, such a candidate may feel obligated to grant special favors to such an organization. Section 3: Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled that pursuant to __________________________.(List Article and Section of the Constitution) this act be entitled, The Honest Campaign Finance Reform ActState the article and section of the Constitution authorizing the Congress to enact 6 your law. The Congress hereby finds and declares the Honest Campaign Finance Reform Act, which would increase disclosure requirements on campaign contributions and political broadcast advertisements. It also caps soft money contributions to political party committees at $50,000. 1. This bill involves the amendment of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 19712. Included in this act additional monthly reports indicating all soft money contributions, shall be filed not later than fourteen business days after the last day of the month of each political entity that fund the election of a candidate. 3. A national committee of a political party, a congressional campaign committee of a national party, or an entity directly or indirectly established, financed, maintained, or controlled by such committee shall not accept a donation, gift, or transfer of funds of any kind during a calendar year, from any (one) private organization exceeding $50,000, for use in financing political candidate. This Bill is to be enacted no later that the third day of January in the year 2000, and is to in affect indefinitely. .udcf3bec84320ce471cdf6f5a96844b73 , .udcf3bec84320ce471cdf6f5a96844b73 .postImageUrl , .udcf3bec84320ce471cdf6f5a96844b73 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udcf3bec84320ce471cdf6f5a96844b73 , .udcf3bec84320ce471cdf6f5a96844b73:hover , .udcf3bec84320ce471cdf6f5a96844b73:visited , .udcf3bec84320ce471cdf6f5a96844b73:active { border:0!important; } .udcf3bec84320ce471cdf6f5a96844b73 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udcf3bec84320ce471cdf6f5a96844b73 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udcf3bec84320ce471cdf6f5a96844b73:active , .udcf3bec84320ce471cdf6f5a96844b73:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udcf3bec84320ce471cdf6f5a96844b73 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udcf3bec84320ce471cdf6f5a96844b73 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udcf3bec84320ce471cdf6f5a96844b73 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udcf3bec84320ce471cdf6f5a96844b73 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udcf3bec84320ce471cdf6f5a96844b73:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udcf3bec84320ce471cdf6f5a96844b73 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udcf3bec84320ce471cdf6f5a96844b73 .udcf3bec84320ce471cdf6f5a96844b73-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udcf3bec84320ce471cdf6f5a96844b73:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: PLASTIC SURGERY IN THE WORLD Essay3. Any candidate found in violations of any of these amendments will be disqualified from the campaign or removed from office, and no longer permitted to take place in any other political election 4. The expected cost of implementing this bill will be contained with the funds allocated to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, a permanent soft fund tracking committee within a branch of the Federal Bureau of Investigation will be staffed by high ranking investigators.

Tobacco In Malaysia Essays - Smoking, Tobacco, Human Behavior

Tobacco in Malaysia Tobacco is one of the leading preventable causes of death in Malaysia. Under the current law, smoking is banned in all public places. These include amusement centres, theatres, hospitals, clinics, public vehicles and air-conditioned restaurants. Likewise, anyone under age of eighteen is not allowed to buy cigarettes or any tobacco products. If the seller is not sure of the buyer's age, then it is advisable to check his identity card. Free cigarette samples are not allowed to be distributed at the public events or places as this carries a maximum fine of RM 5000 or not more than two years' jail. Cigarette advertisements in all locally published materials are also banned with the maximum fine. The purpose of our government set our all these rules is to control the use of tobacco in our country; however, smoking should be banned in a country because it is bad for health, environment and the economy. Nicotine, which is an alkaloid derived from the tobacco plant, is a chemical that has powerful effects on the human body. It not only has direct effects to smokers' health but also to the non-smokers' health. When a smoker takes a long drag on his cigarette, he inhales deeply, forcing smoke into the remotest parts of his lungs. The smoke contains tar and nicotine, which attack thousands of air sacs in the lung; as he continues to smoke, his air passages become increasing coated with tar, which includes several cancers causing agents. As the tar residue continues to build up in the air passages over several years, they begin to change the surface cells of the passages cancer cells begin to increase in number within a few years, lung cancer often appears. By the time a diagnosis finally confirming the presence of lung cancer, the disease has usually spread beyond control. Furthermore, the harmful chemicals in tobacco smoke pass through the placenta to the fetus. It can result low birth weight babies who are more likely to have health and behavioral problems in children such as attention disorder during preschool or school age and they often need medical attention. In fact, maternal smoking is not the only problem; non-smoking mothers living in a house where someone smokes are also at increased risk for having low birth weight babies. Moreover, the most dramatic effect of maternal smoking is on the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS or crib death). SIDS is the most common cause of death in babies between the second week and first year of life. When a women smokes during pregnancy, the risk of SIDS is at least doubled, and possibly tripled. It is estimated that more than 1/3 of all SIDS deaths is due to maternal tobacco use. Smoking is not simply a matter of personal choice when affects nonsmokers. Non-smoker's health is threatened because they force to inhale the secondhand tobacco smoke (also called Environmental Tobacco Smoke, ETS). Environment tobacco smoke is made up of smoke that comes from the end of cigarettes (known as sidestream smoke) and the smoke that is exhaled from the smoker (known as mainstream smoke). Scientists have determined that sidestream has more carcinogens--cancer causing agents than mainstream smoke. In short, nonsmokers or secondhand smokers' health is even worst than smokers although they did not touch the cigarettes for the reason that the chemicals that are inhaled from environment tobacco smoke are not safe for human and can cause serious health problem or make existing health problem even worse. Environment tobacco smoke is a health hazard not only for people who live it day to day, but also for people who are exposed to it occasionally such as in restaurants of bars and for short period. Furthermore, environment tobacco smoke affects the respiratory of nonsmokers and can reduce lung function increasing coughing and chest discomfort. It can also cause eye irritation, sore throat in nonsmokers. Children are particularly vulnerable to environment tobacco smoke because their lung are still growing and developing. For instance, environment tobacco smoke makes existing asthma worse. It is a harmful indoor air pollutant and has serious health problems not only for children but for adults as well. Since even short exposure negatively affects the human

The Differences Between DNA and RNA

The Differences Between DNA and RNA Although their names may sound familiar, DNA and RNA are often confused for one another when there are in fact several key differences between these two carriers of genetic information.  Deoxyribonucleic acid  (DNA) and  ribonucleic acid  (RNA) both are made of nucleotides and serve a role in the production of protein and other parts of cells, but there are some key elements of both that differ on the nucleotide and base levels. Evolutionarily, scientists believe that RNA may have been the building block of early primitive organisms due to its simpler structure and its pivotal function of transcribing DNA sequences so that other parts of the cell may understand them- meaning RNA would have to exist in order for DNA to function, so it stands to reason RNA came first in the evolution of multi-celled organisms. Among these core differences between DNA and RNA is that RNAs backbone is made of a different sugar than DNAs, RNAs use of uracil instead of thymine in its nitrogenous base, and the number of strands on  each type of genetic information carriers molecules. Which Came First in Evolution? While there are arguments for DNA occurring naturally in the world first, it is generally agreed upon that RNA came before DNA for a variety of reasons, starting with its simpler structure and more easily interpretable codons which would allow for faster genetic evolution through reproduction and repetition. Many primitive prokaryotes use RNA as their genetic material and did not evolve DNA, and RNA can still be used as a catalyst for chemical reactions like enzymes. There are also clues, within viruses that use only RNA, that RNA may be more ancient than DNA, and scientists even refer to a time before DNA as the â€Å"RNA world. Then why did DNA evolve at all? This question is still being investigated, but one possible explanation is that DNA is more highly protected and harder to break down than RNA- it is both twisted and â€Å"zipped† up in a double-stranded molecule which adds protection from injury and digestion by enzymes. Primary Differences DNA and RNA are made up of subunits called nucleotides wherein all nucleotides have a sugar backbone, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base, and both DNA and RNA have sugar â€Å"backbones† that are made up of five carbon molecules; however, they are different sugars that make them up. DNA is made up of deoxyribose and RNA is made up of ribose, which may sound similar and have similar structures, but the deoxyribose sugar molecule is missing one oxygen that a ribose molecule sugar has, and this makes a big enough change to make the backbones of these nucleic acids different. The nitrogenous bases of RNA and DNA are also different, though in both these bases can be categorized into two main groups: the pyrimidines which have a single ring structure and purines which have a double ring structure. In both DNA and RNA, when complementary strands are made, a purine must match up with a pyrimidine to keep the width of the â€Å"ladder† at three rings. The purines in both RNA and DNA are called adenine and guanine, and they also both have a pyrimidine called cytosine; however, their second pyrimidine is different: DNA uses thymine while RNA includes uracil instead. When complementary strands are made of the genetic material, cytosine always matches up with guanine and adenine will match up with thymine (in DNA) or uracil (in RNA). This is called the â€Å"base pairing rules† and was discovered by Erwin Chargaff in the early 1950s. Another difference between DNA and RNA is the number of strands of the molecules. DNA is a double helix meaning it has two twisted strands that are complementary to each other match up by the base pairing rules while RNA, on the other hand, is only single-stranded and created in most eukaryotes by making a complementary strand to a single DNA strand. Comparison Chart for DNA and RNA Comparison DNA RNA Name DeoxyriboNucleic Acid RiboNucleic Acid Function Long-term storage of genetic information; transmission of genetic information to make other cells and new organisms. Used to transfer the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosomes to make proteins. RNA is used to transmit genetic information in some organisms and may have been the molecule used to store genetic blueprints in primitive organisms. Structural Features B-form double helix. DNA is a double-stranded molecule consisting of a long chain of nucleotides. A-form helix. RNA usually is a single-strand helix consisting of shorter chains of nucleotides. Composition of Bases and Sugars deoxyribose sugarphosphate backboneadenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine bases ribose sugarphosphate backboneadenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil bases Propagation DNA is self-replicating. RNA is synthesized from DNA on an as-needed basis. Base Pairing AT (adenine-thymine)GC (guanine-cytosine) AU (adenine-uracil)GC (guanine-cytosine) Reactivity The C-H bonds in DNA make it fairly stable, plus the body destroys enzymes that would attack DNA. The small grooves in the helix also serve as protection, providing minimal space for enzymes to attach. The O-H bond in the ribose of RNA makes the molecule more reactive, compared with DNA. RNA is not stable under alkaline conditions, plus the large grooves in the molecule make it susceptible to enzyme attack. RNA is constantly produced, used, degraded, and recycled. Ultraviolet Damage DNA is susceptible to UV damage. Compared with DNA, RNA is relatively resistant to UV damage. The Differences Between DNA and RNA DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, while RNA is ribonucleic acid. Although DNA and RNA both carry genetic information, there are quite a few differences between them. This is a comparison of the differences between DNA versus RNA, including a quick summary and a detailed table of the differences. Summary of Differences Between DNA and RNA DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose, while RNA contains the sugar ribose. The only difference between ribose and deoxyribose is that ribose has one more -OH group than deoxyribose, which has -H attached to the second (2) carbon in the ring.DNA is a double-stranded molecule while RNA is a single-stranded molecule.DNA is stable under alkaline conditions while RNA is not stable.DNA and RNA perform different functions in humans. DNA is responsible for storing and transferring genetic information while RNA directly codes for amino acids and as acts as a messenger between DNA and ribosomes to make proteins.DNA and RNA base pairing is slightly different since DNA uses the bases adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine; RNA uses adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine. Uracil differs from thymine in that it lacks a methyl group on its ring. Comparison of DNA and RNA While both DNA and RNA are used to store genetic information, there are clear differences between them. This table summarizes the key points: Comparison DNA RNA Name DeoxyriboNucleic Acid RiboNucleic Acid Function Long-term storage of genetic information; transmission of genetic information to make other cells and new organisms. Used to transfer the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosomes to make proteins. RNA is used to transmit genetic information in some organisms and may have been the molecule used to store genetic blueprints in primitive organisms. Structural Features B-form double helix. DNA is a double-stranded molecule consisting of a long chain of nucleotides. A-form helix. RNA usually is a single-strand helix consisting of shorter chains of nucleotides. Composition of Bases and Sugars deoxyribose sugarphosphate backboneadenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine bases ribose sugarphosphate backboneadenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil bases Propagation DNA is self-replicating. RNA is synthesized from DNA on an as-needed basis. Base Pairing AT (adenine-thymine)GC (guanine-cytosine) AU (adenine-uracil)GC (guanine-cytosine) Reactivity The C-H bonds in DNA make it fairly stable, plus the body destroys enzymes that would attack DNA. The small grooves in the helix also serve as protection, providing minimal space for enzymes to attach. The O-H bond in the ribose of RNA makes the molecule more reactive, compared with DNA. RNA is not stable under alkaline conditions, plus the large grooves in the molecule make it susceptible to enzyme attack. RNA is constantly produced, used, degraded, and recycled. Ultraviolet Damage DNA is susceptible to UV damage. Compared with DNA, RNA is relatively resistant to UV damage. Which Came First? While there is some evidence DNA may have occurred first, most scientists believe RNA evolved before DNA. RNA has a simpler structure and is needed in order for DNA to function. Also, RNA is found in prokaryotes, which are believed to precede eukaryotes. RNA on its own can act as a catalyst for certain chemical reactions. The real question is why DNA evolved if RNA existed. The most likely answer for this is that having a double-stranded molecule helps protect the genetic code from damage. If one strand is broken, the other strand can serve as a template for repair. Proteins surrounding DNA also confer additional protection against enzymatic attack. Unusual DNA and RNA While the most common form of DNA is a double helix. there is evidence for rare cases of branched DNA, quadruplex DNA,  and molecules made from triple strands. Scientists have found DNA in which arsenic substitutes for phosphorus. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) sometimes occurs. It is similar to DNA, except thymine is replaced by uracil. This type of RNA is found in some viruses. When these viruses infect eukaryotic cells, the dsRNA can interfere with normal RNA function and stimulate an interferon response. Circular single strand RNA (circRNA) has been found in both animals and plants. At present, the function of this type of RNA is unknown. Sources Burge S, Parkinson GN, Hazel P, Todd AK, Neidle S (2006). Quadruplex DNA: sequence, topology and structure. Nucleic Acids Research. 34 (19): 5402–15. doi:10.1093/nar/gkl655Whitehead KA, Dahlman JE, Langer RS, Anderson DG (2011). Silencing or stimulation? siRNA delivery and the immune system. Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering. 2: 77–96. doi:10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-061010-114133

Captain History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Captain History - Essay Example For instance, the Romantic exaltation induced the concept of ‘identity’ among the Europeans while enabling them to distinguish themselves on the basis of religion, culture, language and traditions. Hence the country’s interests were put below the national interest primarily guarded by a particular group residing in the society (Nationalism). This was a very significant event in the prehistoric era as it is now considered the major cause of World War I. Moreover, before the inducement of nationalism the governments were made and sustained on the basis of sovereignty of God, imperial domination or in relation to a specific dynasty. These governments were more successful in terms of prevailing justice among their people. However, once the European population became aware of the nationalism and stated practicing it, thereafter the liberalism took over them. Liberalism removed the domination of religions from government formations and law enforcement agencies while ext ending the maximum authority to the ‘people’ or general citizens (Nationalism). This underlying concept of liberalism is now practiced in the form of democracy. Today historians believe that if nationalism was not introduced in the early nineteenth century then there were significant chances that the world’s most devastating wars had never erupted. Hence being Captain History I picked up this event to make the world a better place to live today. On my way back to the nineteenth century I will closely analyze the nationalism and thereafter I will identify its precipitating factors. For instance, people in the late eighteenth century were facing immense societal problems and injustice which actually encouraged them to accept nationalism so that every individual could safeguard its rights while practicing power over the disadvantaged groups of the society. Consequently I will establish a global organization in the early nineteenth century in order to protect the rig hts of people while giving equivalent opportunities to every country. The organization will be made on the outline of United Nations Organization with a chief General Secretary who will evaluate and analyze the problems of different nations residing in the same country. Thereafter the secretary would require spreading global peace while removing the concept of nationalism. People in the early nineteenth century were significantly backwards in terms of technological advancements and communication systems. Therefore, it would be highly challenging for me to initiate such a global organization. Hence I would carry some of the most reliable and appropriate technological equipment to the historic period. This would not only help me in establishing a global peace organization but it will also assist the scientists of that period. Eventually the foundation of nationalism shall be removed from the history whereas people in the contemporary world would experience more advanced technology. Ex clusion of nationalism from the nineteenth century will actually guarantee a better future because historic records reveal that nationalism was followed by alliance politics. Mutual defense alliance is the most obvious example which was formed due to the similar nationalism approach among the European countries. As per the agreement between different countries such as Russia and Serbia, Austria and Germany, France and Russia, Britain and Japan,